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Respiratorias

Brachycephalic syndrome

A set of breathing problems seen in flat-faced (brachycephalic) breeds, whose airways are compressed. It greatly affects their quality of life.

SevereDogsCats

Mizuu editorial teamupdated on October 14, 2026Not yet reviewed by a vet. Are you a vet? Review itReport an error

Reference sources: ESCCAP España · WSAVA · LeishVet · Manual MSD de Veterinaria

Symptoms to watch for

  • • Noisy breathing, snoring
  • • Excessive panting and difficulty breathing
  • • Poor tolerance to exercise and heat
  • • Choking, gagging
  • • In severe cases: episodes of cyanosis (bluish gums), fainting

Causes

The anatomy of brachycephalic breeds: narrow nostrils, an elongated soft palate, a narrow windpipe. Affected breeds: English and French Bulldog, Pug, Boxer, Pekingese, Shih Tzu, and the Persian cat.

Diagnosis

Physical examination plus assessment of the airways, sometimes under sedation.

Treatment

Mild cases: weight control, avoiding heat and strenuous exercise, using a harness. Moderate to severe cases: corrective surgery (widening the nostrils, shortening the palate) that greatly improves quality of life.

Prevention

Choose breeders who prioritise respiratory health, keep strict control of weight, avoid heat, and use a harness.

When should you see the vet?

URGENT if there is severe breathing difficulty, bluish gums or fainting. On a non-urgent basis, discuss corrective surgery with your vet if your pet snores and struggles to breathe.

Consult a vet

This guide points you in the right direction and takes you to the vet; it does not diagnose.

Notice: this information is for general guidance and educational purposes only. It does NOT replace diagnosis or treatment by a registered veterinary surgeon. If you notice any symptoms, always consult a professional. Mizuu accepts no responsibility for the use of this information without veterinary supervision.

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Brachycephalic syndrome in pets: symptoms, causes and treatment