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Elbow dysplasia

A developmental malformation of the elbow joint. It causes lameness and osteoarthritis. Common in large-breed dogs.

ModerateDogs

Mizuu editorial teamupdated on October 14, 2026Not yet reviewed by a vet. Are you a vet? Review itReport an error

Reference sources: ESCCAP España · WSAVA · LeishVet · Manual MSD de Veterinaria

Symptoms to watch for

  • • Lameness in one or both front legs, which worsens after exercise
  • • Stiffness when getting up
  • • Reluctance to exercise
  • • May hold the elbow away from the body
  • • Muscle wasting of the leg

Causes

A genetic component, made worse by rapid growth, being overweight as a puppy and inappropriate exercise. Predisposed breeds: Labrador, Golden Retriever, German Shepherd, Rottweiler, Bernese Mountain Dog.

Diagnosis

Physical examination plus radiographs, sometimes a CT scan. There are official screening schemes to support breeding.

Treatment

Mild cases: weight control, appropriate exercise, physiotherapy, chondroprotectants and pain management. Severe cases: surgery. An early diagnosis improves the outcome.

Prevention

Puppies from parents with screened elbows, avoiding your puppy becoming overweight, and age-appropriate exercise.

When should you see the vet?

See your vet if your young dog is lame in a front leg or after exercise. The sooner you act, the more options there are.

Consult a vet

This guide points you in the right direction and takes you to the vet; it does not diagnose.

Notice: this information is for general guidance and educational purposes only. It does NOT replace diagnosis or treatment by a registered veterinary surgeon. If you notice any symptoms, always consult a professional. Mizuu accepts no responsibility for the use of this information without veterinary supervision.

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Elbow dysplasia in pets: symptoms, causes and treatment